Ratings help you compare whole-product energy performance.
U-factor: assesses resistance to heat flow. Quantifies
the insulation value of a window assembly (glazing, edge effects, sash,
and frame) and can depend on weather conditions. The lower the number,
the better the performance.
Vinyl (uPVC) windows and doors outperform other types.
Source: Residential windows: a guide to new technologies
and energy performance,
John
Carmody et al., 2nd ed., 2000.
SHGC (solar heat gain coefficient): relates to the
amount of heat transmitted by sunlight. The lower the rating, the less
heat is transmitted.
Infiltration: Heat loss and gain by air leakage through
cracks or joins in the window assembly. The lower the number, the better
the performance.